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China   is the biggest coal production and consumption country in the world.   Coal is the most widely distributed and most sufficient energy in our   nation. Coal-based energy structure will not be changed until   mid-century. Burning of coal will discharge huge amount of carbon   dioxide and a lot of other pollutants which lead to pollution of our   atmosphere, causing acid rain, greenhouse effect and water pollution. So   developing the technology of cleaning burning of coal, deducing the   emission of sulfur dioxide, oxynitride, carbon oxide, carbon dioxide and   soot is an important part of realizing the sustainable development of   coal chemical industry.

     We work with college of   chemistry and chemical engineering Xiamen university, and experts of   electric power boiler together and successfully developed a "YINENG   TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving. This product assembles coal- conserving, desulfurization, dust-cleaning, drag-elimination and energy-conservation in one.

Sulfur in coal has four forms, which are: yellow iron sulphide(FeS2), sulfur in sulfate, organic sulfur and elemental sulfur. Yellow iron sulphide, organic sulfur and elemental sulfur are flammable. And take about 90% of total sulfur in coal.   Sulfur in sulfate inflammable, and takes up about 5% to 10% of total   sulfur in coal, which is main constituent part of coal ash. When coal is   burning, all of the flammable sulfur will be released from coal because   of heating, and be oxidized into sulfur dioxide.   When there exists oxygen atoms under high temperature or catalysis in   the heating surface, some of sulfur dioxide will turn into sulfur   trioxide. Water in the smog will react with sulfur trioxide to produce   vitriol gas. When temperature goes down, vitriol gas become vitriol   smog. Particles in the dust smog will absorb vitriol and become acid   particles and then washed by rain to form acid rain. As we can see,   sulfur oxide produced during the burning, such as SO2, SO3, vitriol smog, acid ashes, not only cause air pollution, but also corrosion to the coal-burning device.

Control of the SO2 emission can be divided into three categories: before combustion, during combustion and after combustion. Desulfurization before combustion is to wash off the sulfur-containing substances through coal washing. Desulfurization during combustion is to add some desulfurization agent during   combustion and turn sulfur into solid and gone with the slag.   Desulfurization after combustion is called gas desulfurization, which focuses on desulfurization the after-burning gas and then purify it to reduce the content of the SO2. Gas desulfurization is now the most efficient way to control the SO2   emission, because the technology is mature and widely use and   comprehensive utilization of flue gas, for example producing vitriol and   fertilizer. But because there are so many disadvantages, such as: its   devices are huge, the investment are huge, the operation is complicated,   the cost of maintenance is huge, it can hardly be accepted in normal   and middle sized boilers, which are the most widely spread and most   widely used boiler in our nation. But desulfurization during combustion   has so many advantages, its cost is small, the equipment is simple, cost   of maintenance is low and desulfurization agent is cheap, so it can be   easily accepted by middle and small sized companies.

Coking area in the heating surface of hot space in the hearth include grate, water screen,   wall type reheater, sometimes radiant superheater and semi-radiant   superheater. The mechanism of coking is that when the soot is under the   softening point, it will be carried by the flue gas and adhered to the   heating surface of hot space. It will conglutinate the soot in the   hearth box and making the adhered ash zone become thicker and thicker.   Clinker has high thermo-resistance, those who is near to the heating   area is cooled by the actuating medium in the furnace tube and become   stiff coking solid. The other side of the clinker zone is softened by   the high temperature and keep conglutinate soot in the hearth box and   become boiler fouling.

SO2 in the soot will react with oxygen in high temperature during combustion, and will definitely form some SO3. Alkali metal oxide(K2O and Na2O) in soot will volatile upon heating, and agglomerate with the SO3 in the flue gas at the cooler side of the heating surface to form K2SO4(lemery) and Na2SO4(sodium sulfate) which are easy to melt. The melting point of the mixture of K2SO4 and NaSO4 are   even lower, which are usually below 335℃. At the same time, the dew   point of flue gas will rise up because of coaction of the water and SO3. This let cooler side of heating surface become the hotbed of the dirt.

So at the   end of heating surface area in boiler, including low-temp over heater,   coal economizer or even air preheater, dust stratification will happen.   Because the temperature of the flue gas in those heating area is low and   cannot reach dirt’s softening temperature, it will not form a scorched   state. Dust stratification at low temperature is determined by the   content of the SO2,K2O,Na2O, the higher   these contents are, the severer dust stratification will. Of course,   unreasonable design of the flue gas’s through-flow at the end of heating   surface area(low flow rate of the flue gas, existence of dead zone in   flow field), no efficient use of slag-blowing equipment will also cause   dust stratification which lead to severe coking of boiler.

Due to   extremely low coefficient of heat conductivity of the coking, high   temperature area of the combustion in the hearth box will become higher   and thermal deviation between the two sides will rise and cause the flue   gas temperature in the reheater and overheater and thermal deviation of   tube wall, which are threats to the safety running of the furnace tube.   Coking in the hearth box becomes thicker and thicker and will fall off   when it reaches to a certain weight. The falling dregs will not only   affect the running of taphole, break the hearth tube, but also bring   unburnt carbon and spread to hearth box rapidly which may cause   explosion and accident. For natural circulation boiler, because the   decalescence of water screen become lower, circulation factor of boiler   water will change and threats safety running of water screen. Coking   will rise up the temperature of the flue gas, and at the circumstances   of high sulfur content in coal, hot corrosion can easily happen, and   affect the using age of both water screen, overheater and reheater, even   explosion of boiler tube.

Coking and   dust stratification will rise up the exhaust gas temperature, and   thermal losses of exhaust gas will become greater, efficiency of the   boiler will decrease. At normal situation, when the temperature of   exhaust gas rise up about 8 to 15℃, the efficiency of the boiler will   drop 1%. At the bottom of the dust there are always some SO3.   When boiler is low-loaded or shut down, it will generate sulphuric acid   and causes low-temperature corrosion at the heating surface area,   affecting the safety and the using age of device. When there are too   much dust stratification at the end, pressure difference between front   and end become larger, the flow rate of the flue gas after heating   surface area rises, abrasion is intensified and draught fan’s power   consumption increases. So in conclusion, the hazard of coking and dust   stratification to the boiler is self-evident.

Towards the   current problem of the boiler, both home and abroad have developed a   series of desulfurizer, dust cleaner and slag-remover. But in the   practical application, you have to use desulfurizer, dust cleaner and   slag-remover at same time and the operation is complicated. The cost of   production will rise up dramatically, so it is hard to apply widely in   the medium and small sized company. "YINENG TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving,   made by Xiamen Tongan chemical engineering Co.Ltd, not only have both   the function of desulfurization, dust cleaning and slag cleaning   spontaneously, but also energy saving and easy operation.

"YINENG TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving  desulfurizes sulfur during the combustion. The constituent for sulfur fixation in the agent can turn the SO2   during combustion into sulfur-containing compound and fixed into   clinker. The constituent for sulfur fixation is composed of high   efficient desulfurizer additive. The purpose of additive is to stop   sulfur-containing compound in the clinker from decomposing and thereby   enhancing desulfurization effect. "YINENG TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving   will have a more evident effect in CFB boiler, and will decrease the   ratio of calcium and sulfur which the desulfurization efficiency of the   limestone will increase greatly.

"YINENG TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving   can make all the combustive components in the coal interact with the   effective chemistry elements in agent and result new flammable gas, and   lower the kindling point of the coal, making the coal spread more even,   accomplishing the purpose of extending combustion time,   combustion-supporting, decreasing black smoke in the tail gas,   decreasing the discharge amount of carbon oxide and saving coal. At the   same time, it can make faulty coal which is hard to combust reach the   same combusting effect as the high quality coal and using less high   quality coal, hence more economical. CFB boiler usually use faulty coal,   after adding "YINENG TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving   to it, coal’s combustion will be more sufficient and stable. Also,   because the agent has an effective sulfur fixation, bed temperature can   be rose according to the quality of the coal and leading to a more   efficient combustion.

"YINENG TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving  cleans   the clinker and coking that forming at the heating surface area in   boiler, not only making metal remain its high efficient thermal   conductivity, but also raises the thermal efficiency of boiler. At the   same time, the agent can eliminate the corrosion caused by the   temperature differences between coking surfaces and exposure surfaces   and extent the lifespan of boiler. This agent is auto-added during   running of mine coal. The vaporific agent particles that entered the   high temperature combustion along with coal will fall on the heating   surface area and cause chemical reactions with dregs, the reaction is   especially evident at the crack. The agent will neutralize the acid   combustive components of the gas, burnout the remaining of carbon   powders and coal particles, forming low melting point eutectic complex   salt and loosen the coking layer because of fluidization. Roaring flame   air caused by this agent can scour, vibrate and fragment the slag layer.

This suits the boilers that burn coal, such as fuel electric plant boiler,   thermal power plant boiler, industrial boiler, heat input boiler,   civilian use boiler. This agent can be widely applied in those boilers.

Choose the   suitable filling machine (capacity ranging from 100 kilograms to 500   kilograms) according to user’s coal consumption. Measure the coal   capacity per minute (or per hour), and convert that to the amount you   should add this agent in. Adjust motor’s frequency of the filling   machine in order to keep accurate about the agent’s amount added per   minute (per hour). Check ratio between coal and agent to see if it is in   accordance with standard proportion. If there is any mistake, fix it   gradually. If filling machine is not used during the test run of boiler,   use water ladle and add the agent to coal layer of the conveyer belt   according to the right proportion.

For small sized boiler, manually feeding of "YINENG TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving   should convert its amount based on one pot coal. After conversion,   disperse the agent to the coal pot and poured into lift machines.   Indurative pot should be used and mark the correct location at the   inside wall for each use, or use a fixed-amount vessel as a feeding   tool. Coal consumption per day and the number of feedings should be well   known. Measure the time and amount of every feedings, and calculate the   time consumed per ton. For example, coal is fed 2 minutes per ton, then   the mixture should be well-distributed in two minutes and add the agent   proportionally.

Under   normal circumstances, dosage of this agent is 0.5-2.0‰ of mine run coal.   First feeding dosage is about two times that of normal circumstances.   If the coking is extremely severe, added more agent accordingly.   Continuous feeding is best, don’t feed  intermittently. Normally, you   can see effects three to seven days later.

This series of product is particle and powder like solid, innocuity,   flavor less, non-volatile, noninflammable, none explosive, pH value   comes to neutral and no corrosion to boiler. Storage place of the agent   should moisture proof. If the agent accidently get wet and agglomeration   happens, please wobble it before using. It won’t affect the effect. But   you shouldn’t dehydrate the agent by baking.

"YINENG TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving  can   force the coal to oxide and burn, rise burn-off rate, decrease dash   dust stratification and coking and basically eliminates dash attachment   in air preheater, coal economizer, convection bank, water screen, boiler   back-end, put an end to the breakdown of coking caused by high   temperature dry coking and low temperature dry coking in the hearth box.

Coal can be saved by 6% to 15%, temperature of hearth box can be rose 80℃ to 150℃, temperature of the exhaust smoke can be lowered about 5 to 10℃，thermal efficiency can be rose more than 0.5 to 3%. Decreasing the discharge of oxysulfide(SOX), oxynitride(NOX), carbon oxide, hydrocarbon(CXHr) and soot. This can have a comprehensive benefit.

We use water proof plastic bags and each weight 25 kilograms for the purpose of transportation and storage.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sinopec Jianghan Salt&Chemical Complex(JSCC) thermal power plant

Using of "YINENG TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving made by Xiamen TongAn chemical engineering corporation.

1、Summary

In   August 2010, Sinopec Jianghan Salt&Chemical Complex(JSCC) thermal   power plant 1# boiler (35t/h circulation fluidized bed boiler) uses   "YINENG TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving   made by Xiamen TongAn chemical engineering corporation. During this   time, dosage of agent added per hour is 10 to 12 kilograms per boiler   and daily dosage is 250 to 300 kilograms per boiler.

This   effect analysis uses the ratio between the mean rotate speed of the   left and right coal feeders and the total steam flow (referred as rate   of coal consumption in the below) as the quantized data of the energy   saving effect. This analysis is based on the change of carbon content of   the flying ash and slag which is detected by State Key Laboratory of   Coal Combustion (Huazhong University of Science & Technology).

2、Using of environmental, coal-saving, dust cleaning agent

Mean   rotate speed of the coal feeders and the total steam flow are given   from data collected by the logsheet of thermal power plant 1# boiler.

(1)   service condition of 1# boiler

From   15 to 17 of august 2008, agent was added discontinuously. Data before   feeding is the mean value of 32 hours from august 12 at 1:00 to august   13 at 8:00. Data after feeding is the mean value of 32 hours from august   16 at 0:00 to august 17 at 7:00. The reason why we choose those time   period is in the view of following:

1)    average value of the steam flow rate does not change too much before and after adding of agent.

2)    coal quality is almost the same before and after adding of agent.

3)    Time period are both 32 hours

4)    After adding data collects only the late stage of the feeding stage.

 

 

 

Table 1   boiler #1 rate of coal consumption before and after feeding

Table 2 boiler #1 the entropy change of steam before and after feeding

Table 3 carbon content change of the clinker before and after feeding

Notice:   data of table 3 is based on the analysis of the change of carbon   content of the flying ash and slag of the boiler #1 which is detected by   State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion (Huazhong University of Science   & Technology).

3、effect analysis

The following analysis is only based on boiler #1. By using of "YINENG TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving made by Xiamen TongAn chemical engineering corporation, coal saving ratio of boiler is 8.2%.

Because the using of "YINENG TA-JNP" cleaning agents for environment-protection and coal-saving made   by Xiamen TongAn chemical engineering corporation, working condition of   combustion is improved. Boiler’s wind blowing volume can be lower, so   the power consumption of the fan will drop. Decreasing of the coal   consumption can also reduce the costs of coal transportation and   treatment of slag.